SYNTHETIC OIL


Synthetic oil is a lubricant consisting of chemical compounds that are artificially made. Synthetic lubricants can be manufactured using chemically modified petroleum components rather than whole crude oil, but can also be synthesized from other raw materials.
Synthetic oil is used as a substitute for petroleum-refined oils when operating in extreme temperature. Aircraft jet engines, for example, require the use of synthetic oils, whereas aircraft piston engines do not. Synthetic oils are also used in metal stamping to provide environmental and other benefits when compared to conventional petroleum and animal-fat based products. These products are also referred to as "non-oil" or "oil free".

Types

Group IV: PAO

Poly-alpha-olefin (or poly-α-olefin, abbreviated as PAO is a polymer made by polymerizing an alpha-olefin. They are designated at API Group IV and are a 100% synthetic chemical compound. It is a specific type of olefin (organic) that is used as a base stock in the production of some synthetic lubricants. An alpha-olefin (or α-olefin) is an alkene where the carbon-carbon double bond starts at the α-carbon atom, i.e. the double bond is between the #1 and #2 carbons in the molecule.

Group V: Other Synthetics

Group V base oils are defined by API as any other type of oil other than mineral oils or PAO lubricants.
Esters are the most famous synthetics in Group V, which are 100% Synthetic chemical compounds consisting of a carbonyl adjacent to an ether linkage. They are derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group, most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is to say, esters are formed by condensing an acid with an alcohol.
Many chemically different "esters" due to their usually excellent lubricity are used for various reasons as either "additives" or "base stocks" for lubricants. 

Semi-synthetic oil

Semi-synthetic oils (also called "synthetic blends") are a mixture of mineral oil and synthetic oil, with no more than 30% synthetic oil, which are engineered to have many of the benefits of full synthetic oil without the cost. Motul introduced the first semi-synthetic motor oil in 1966.
Lubricants that have synthetic base stocks even lower than 30% but with high-performance additives consisting of esters can also be considered synthetic lubricants. In general, the ratio of the synthetic base stock is used to define commodity codes among the customs declarations of tax purposes.

Other base stocks help semi-synthetic lubricants

API Group II- and API Group III-type base stocks help to formulate more economic-type semi-synthetic lubricants. API Group I-, II-, II+-, and III-type mineral-base oil stocks are widely used in combination with additive packages, performance packages, and ester and/or API Group IV poly-alpha-olefins in order to formulate semi-synthetic-based lubricants. API Group III base oils are sometimes considered Fully synthetic, but they are still classified as highest-top-level mineral-base stocks. A Synthetic or Synthesized material is one that is produced by combining or building individual units into a unified entry. Synthetic base stocks as described above are man-made and tailored to have a controlled molecular structure with predictable properties, unlike mineral base oils, which are complex mixtures of naturally occurring hydrocarbons and paraffins.

The advantages of using synthetic motor oils include:
  • Better low- and high-temperature viscosity performance at service temperature extremes
  • Better (higher) Viscosity Index (VI)
  • Better chemical and shear stability
  • Decreased evaporative loss
  • Resistance to oxidation, thermal breakdown, and oil sludge problems
  • Extended drain intervals, with the environmental benefit of less used oil waste generated
  • Improved fuel economy in certain engine configurations
  • Better lubrication during extreme cold weather starts
  • Possibly a longer engine life
  • Superior protection against "ash" and other deposit formation in engine hot spots (in particular in turbochargers and superchargers) for less oil burnoff and reduced chances of damaging oil passageway clogging.
  • Increased horsepower and torque due to less initial drag on engine
  • Improved fuel efficiency - from 1.8% to up to 5% has been documented in fleet tests
However synthetic motor oils are substantially more expensive (per volume) than mineral oils and have potential decomposition problems in certain chemical environments (predominantly in industrial use).
For automotive use, the oil change interval for synthetic oils is the same as for conventional oil, typically 7,000 miles to 10,000 miles following the manufacturer's "severe service" schedule (which is the schedule that covers city driving). Oil needs to be changed because it gets contaminated with combustion by-products that accumulate at about the same rate regardless of oil type. Extending the oil change interval with synthetics is likely to contribute to engine damage and is not recommended.

Komentar

  1. Unknown22 Mei 2017 pukul 17.53

    Different synthetic oil and non synthetic oil?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Yola22 Mei 2017 pukul 21.32

      • Mineral oil is extracted from crude oil, so it has a natural molecule, which is in petroleum. While in synthetic oils, there are synthetic molecules, which are already designed to meet specific needs. Synthetic oils contain additives to improve performance.
      • Synthetic oil contains a formula that is superior to mineral oil. Therefore, synthetic oils increase engine endurance.
      • The price of synthetic oil is much higher with mineral oil.
      • Synthetic oils are used as car lubricants, while mineral oil has various applications.

      Hapus
  2. Gita Sitepu 22 Mei 2017 pukul 22.37

    Why if we use synthetic oil, then Resistance to oxidation, thermal breakdown, and oil sludge problems?

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    Balasan
    1. Yola23 Mei 2017 pukul 16.32

      Because it reacts at least when mixed with other materials, it tends not to contain reactive carbon material, is designed to produce more effective performance.

      Hapus
  3. febri yulianti23 Mei 2017 pukul 08.35


    "Semi-synthetic oil (also called "synthetic mixture") is a mixture of mineral oil and synthetic oil, with a synthetic oil of no more than 30% "why not more than 30%, what is its effect?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Yola23 Mei 2017 pukul 16.41

      The basic ingredients of synthetic lubricating oils include poly-alpha-olefin (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), alkylated napthalenes (AN), alkyklated benzenes, and synthetic esters (eg diesters, polyolesters, silicate esters, phosphate esters). Nvented a new base material for making synthetic lubricants from polyethylene type plastic waste.
      Poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) which is used as base material of lubricant especially synthetic engine lubricant machine which have low molecular weight (www.wikipedia.com). Polialfaolefin is a polymer made from alpha-polymerization (alpha-olefin). Α-olefin is an alkene which is a carbon-carbon double bond located between the number 1 and 2 carbon atoms.
      So it is not what above 30% as long as it is still in the provisions, and the composition is balanced, if not balanced it will lead to unsuccessful synthesizing, and synthesis oil can not be used.

      Hapus
  4. Atmajun123.blogspot.com23 Mei 2017 pukul 12.20

    explain to me about negative effect from synthetic oil?

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    Balasan
    1. Yola23 Mei 2017 pukul 16.36

      1. The selling price of synthetic oil is more expensive than mineral oil. This process of making synthetic oil is more expensive than mineral oil.
      2. Synthetic oil is less suitable for use on old tech machines, and motorcycle engines. Gufron (2006) states that the use of synthetic lubricants in old-tech machines becomes wasteful and machines become rough because the machines are gap between components is usually very large / loose so that it can come into the pill room and also wake up so quickly run out of lubricants and smoky exhaust. When filling the full syntetic lubricant is not for motorcycles, it can cause slip coupling plate because it is too slippery synthetic lubricant. Impact, engine power is reduced because the grip between the coupling plate is reduced, the engine power will feel heavy. When this condition is allowed to continue, coupling can burn.
      3. Potential in the problem of chemical decomposition on the environment.

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  5. Unknown24 Mei 2017 pukul 11.19

    Which is better, synthetic oil or mineral oil?

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    Balasan
    1. Yola24 Mei 2017 pukul 19.03

      In addition to the different methods of manufacture and basic materials, the only fundamental difference between synthetic oils and mineral oils is the molecules and structures of these two types of lubricants. As a result of continued innovation no wonder synthetic oils have balanced molecules and particles. On the other hand, mineral oil has a molecule that is less balanced when compared with synthetic oil. Synthetic oil is always recommended for machines with the latest technology (turbo, supercharger, DOHC, etc.) that require a better lubrication system (racing) where the gap between the part is narrower (precision).
      On a high-specification engine this synthetic oil feature is needed optimally. Because the manufacture of machine components is made with high precision, this type of machine also does not require a period of adapatasi between components, so no longer needed mineral oil when the machine is new.
      So each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

      Hapus
  6. Unknown25 Mei 2017 pukul 04.38

    Which benefit PAO then semi-syntetyc?

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    Balasan
    1. Yola25 Mei 2017 pukul 05.48

      Semi synthetic oil or synthetic blend oil is a mixture of mineral oil with synthetic oil. Mineral oil and synthetic oil are mixed with a certain percentage to improve the ability of the mineral oil.
      This type of oil is included in the best mineral base oil and is often referred to as semi-synthetic, as there is little addition of synthetic base oil to reinforce some of the characteristics of the mineral base oil.
      This Base Oil minimizes the return of nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, wax and other heavy metals, to isopranin and often called parafnic base oil.
      Semi-synthetic excess oil is more stable than minerals, its viscosity range is also wider in both low and high temperatures. In addition, its evaporation rate is also lower, lubricate and coat metal better and prevent friction between metals, resistant to oxidation so that more durable Making it more economical and efficient, boosting power and cooler engines, containing better detergents to clean the engine from the crust.

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  7. Unknown25 Mei 2017 pukul 21.53

    Whether this synthesis oil can be used as an alternative fuel ?

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    Balasan
    1. Yola26 Mei 2017 pukul 13.11

      Yes, because synthesis oil has several advantages, namely:
      - More stable at high temperature (less volatile) so that evaporation rate is low.
      - Controlling / preventing the occurrence of carbon deposits on the machine.
      - Circulation more smoothly at the start of the morning / cold weather.
      - Lubricate and coat the metal better and prevent the occurrence of metal interference that resulted in engine damage.
      - Resistant to change / oxidation so that more durable lamasehingga more economical and efficient.
      - Reduce the occurrence of friction, increase energy and cooler engine.
      - Contains a better detergent to clean the engine from the crust.

      Hapus

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