40 VOCABULARY OF CHEMISTRY
- Acid – a compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a pH of less than 7.0 or a compound that donates a hydrogen ion.
- Atom – a chemical element in its smallest form, and is made up of neutrons and protons within the nucleus and electrons circling the nucleus.
- Base – a substance that accepts a proton and has a high pH; a common example is sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- Base anhydride – oxides of group I and II metal elements.
- Catalyst – a chemical (element or compound) used to speed up a reaction, but is regenerated at the end of the reaction.
- Chemical reaction – the change of one or more substances into another or multiple substances.
- Diatomic-consistent of two atoms.
- Electrolyte – a solution that conducts a certain amount of current and can be split categorically as weak and strong electrolytes.
- Electromagnetic radiation – a type of wave that can go through vacuums as well as material and classified as a self-propagating wave.
- Freezing – phase transition from liquid to solid.
- Frequency – number of cycles per unit of time. Unit: 1 hertz = 1 cycle per 1 second.
- Gas – particles that fill their container though have no definite shape or volume.
- Geochemistry – the chemistry of and chemical composition of the Earth.
- Halogens – Group 17 on the Periodic Table and are all non-metals.
- Ideal gas law – the volume of a gas is proportional to the amount of gas and its Kelvin temperature and inversely proportional to its pressure.
- Indicator – a special compound added to solution that changes color depending on the acidity of the solution; different indicators have different colors and effective pH ranges.
- Kelvin – A unit of measure for temperature based upon an absolute scale.
- Ketone – an organic compound with a carbonyl group between two carbon atoms.
- Liquid – A state of matter in which cohesive force is less than or equal to the separating force.
- Light – Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum which is visible to the naked eye. Also called "visible light.
- Metal – Chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals.
- Molecular orbital – region where an electron can be found in a molecule (as opposed to an atom).
- Molecule – a chemically bonded number of atoms that are electrically neutral.
- Noble gases – group 18 elements, those whose outer electron shell is filled.
- Organic chemistry – a part of chemistry concerned with organic compounds.
- pH – the measure of acidity (or basicity) of a solution.
- Potential energy – energy stored in a body or in a system due to its position in a force field or due to its configuration.
- Photon – a carrier of electromagnetic radiation of all wavelength (such as gamma rays and radio waves).
- Protonation – the addition of a proton (H+) to an atom, molecule, or ion.
- Semiconductor – an electrically conductive solid that is between a conductor and an insulator.
- Solid – one of the states of matter, where the molecules are packed close together, there is a resistance of movement/deformation and volume change; see Young's modulus.
- State of matter – matter having a homogeneous, macroscopic phase; gas, plasma, liquid, and solid are the most well known (in increasing concentration).
- Sublimation – a phase transition from solid to limewater fuel or gas.
- Substance – material with definite chemical composition.
- Thermochemistry – the study of absorption/release of heat within a chemical reaction.
- Thermodynamic stability – when a system is in its lowest energy state with its environment (equilibrium).
- Titration – the process of titrating one solution with another, also called volumetric analysis.
- Transition metal – elements that have incomplete d sub-shells, but also may be referred to as the d-block elements.
- Valence electron – the outermost electrons of an atom, which are located in electron shells.
- Valency – The combining capacity of an element.
Hi yolanda. could you give me different of gas, solid and liquid?
BalasHapus- Solid substances have a clear volume and shape. Liquid has a clear volume, but the shape is not clear because it is fluid. The gas has an unclear volume and shape.
Hapus- The distance of the solid particles is very tight. The distance of the particles of the liquor is quite tenuous. The distance of particles making up of gaseous substances is very tenuous.
- Compound particles can not move freely. Liquid constituents can travel freely in a limited way. The gaseous constituent particles can move very freely.
could you tell me about titration??
BalasHapusI think A titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. Typically, the titrant (the know solution) is added from a buret to a known quantity of the analyte (the unknown solution) until the reaction is complete. Knowing the volume of titrant added allows the determination of the concentration of the unknown. Often, an indicator is used to usually signal the end of the reaction, the endpoint. By the way, thank you for asking :)
HapusPlease give examples of acids and bases!
BalasHapusAcid Example:
Hapus- Vinegar solution (acetic acid)
- Oranges, tomatoes, vegetables (ascorbic acid)
- Citrus (citric acid)
- Car battery, fertilizer (sulfuric acid)
- Food preservatives (benzoic acid)
Example Bases:
- Deodorants (aluminum hydroxide)
- Mortar and plaster (calcium hydroxide)
- Drug-intestine (magnesium hydroxide)
- Soap material (sodium hydroxide)
Salt Example:
- Kitchen salt (sodium chloride)
- Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
- Calcite (calcium carbonate)
- Saltpeter (potassium nitrate)
- Potash (potassium carbonate)
Try to explain about the pH.
BalasHapusOke Santa, i'll try to answer, pH is a measure of the hydorgen ion concentration of a solution. Solutions with a high concentration of hydrogen ions have a low pH and solutions with a low concentrations of H+ ions have a high pH. This may seem like a confusion way to express these reationships, and it is, until you understand what pH stands for. Anyway thank's for asking :)
HapusHow to do titration in solution?
BalasHapusTo perform the titration, we must prepare the first paralatan consisting of Buret, Statif and Klem, and Erlenmeyer. In addition must be prepared also standard solution. A standard solution of known concentration is placed in a burette and is called a penitration solution. The solution of the titrant must be known to its concentration. The solution to be determined concentration is placed in a titration flask and is called a titrated solution. The volume of solution to be titrated should be known. Furthermore, into the solution to be titrated is dripped acid-base indicator. The placement of the solution in the burette and the titration flask may be exchanged. The standard solution may be used as a solution of the titration and may also be used as a solution to be titrated.
HapusThe titration solution is dripped slowly into the titrated solution. The new test is stopped when the titration point has been reached. The titration end point is known from the color change in the indicator solution. In addition to the titration end point, also known as the equivalence point. Equivalent point is a state of the substance in a solution that is titrated exactly reacts with the substance in the titration solution (acid and base just reacting). Just when all the substances are discharged, the indicator solution immediately changes color, and at this point the burette of the burette should be stopped immediately.
What is thw example for Electromagnetic radiation?
BalasHapusAlmost every person must have a mobile device or mobile phone. But do you realize that from every mobile phone radiated waves of radiation. Electromagnetic waves are waves that do not require a medium in its propagation. So that the waves emitted from the mobile phone is an electromagnetic wave, not only mobile waves that frequency is also found in the use of Radio, Tape, Television, and many more.
HapusWaves à Based on propagation media à 2
1. Mechanical Waves
Requires an intermediate medium in its propagation.
Examples: Sound waves, waves on ropes, waves on the water surface.
2. Electromagnetic Waves
Does not require intermediate media in its propagation.
Example: Sunlight (radiation)
How is the nature of the halogen?
BalasHapusAtomic (physical) properties of halogens from F to At:
Hapus1. The value of atomic radius increases from F to At
2. The value of ionisation energy decreases from F to At
3. The value of electronegativity decreases from F to At
4. The affinity of electrons decreases from F to At, except for a slight fluctuation of adri F to Cl (a negative sign means energy is released). The decrease in electron affinity can be understood from the value of the radius of the atom which increases with the addition of the atomic shell, the exception to F. This is because the electrons are so close together that it generates a strong repulsive rejection with the electrons of other atoms when the other electrons are absorbed by the F atom. Thus, the tendency of F-ions is less than expected.
5. Halogen has oxidation number, except F with 2 oxidation numbers.
Properties of Halogen Chemistry:
1. All halogen elements can form compounds with the withdrawal of one electron from the outside, or covalently.
2. Generally halogen elements have an oxidation level of -1, however the halogen may also have oxidation rates of +1, +3, +5 and +7, except fluorine.
3. All halogen elements are very strong oxidizing agents. This oxidizing strength is reduced from fluorine to iodine.
4. All halogen elements can react with all metal elements and some nonmetallic elements.
5. Fluorine is the most reactive element and its reactivity is reduced for other halogen elements according to the atomic number increase.
6. All halogen elements can react with hydrogen to form acid halide (HX).
7. Except for fluorine, all halogen elements can form oxyacids with the formulas HXO, HXO₂, HXO₃ and HXO4 which are referred to as hypohalite, halite, halic acid, and tartic acid.
8. Halogen elements may also join the halogen component of intermediate halogen compounds. These compounds can be divided into four groups of compounds:
- Group AX, for example: ClF, BrCl, ICl
- Group AX3, for example: ClF3, BrF3, IF3
- Group AX5, for example: BrF5, IF5
- Group AX7, for example: IF7
How tritation work?
BalasHapusTo perform the titration, we must prepare the first paralatan consisting of Buret, Statif and Klem, and Erlenmeyer. In addition must be prepared also standard solution. A standard solution of known concentration is placed in a burette and is called a penitration solution. The solution of the titrant must be known to its concentration. The solution to be determined concentration is placed in a titration flask and is called a titrated solution. The volume of solution to be titrated should be known. Furthermore, into the solution to be titrated is dripped acid-base indicator. The placement of the solution in the burette and the titration flask may be exchanged. The standard solution may be used as a solution of the titration and may also be used as a solution to be titrated.
HapusThe titration solution is dripped slowly into the titrated solution. The new test is stopped when the titration point has been reached. The titration end point is known from the color change in the indicator solution. In addition to the titration end point, also known as the equivalence point. Equivalent point is a state of the substance in a solution that is titrated exactly reacts with the substance in the titration solution (acid and base just reacting). Just when all the substances are discharged, the indicator solution immediately changes color, and at this point the burette of the burette should be stopped immediately.